What is C2C12 differentiation?
What is C2C12 differentiation?
Differentiation of C2C12 cells is achieved by replacing GM to differentiation media, DM [DMEM—high glucose no sodium pyruvate (Gibco), 2% horse serum (Gibco), 1% glutamine (Gibco), 1% pen/strep (Gibco)]. After 24 h in DM, fused cells should be visible. DM should be changed every 48 h.
What does the term myoblast mean?
: an undifferentiated cell capable of giving rise to muscle cells.
How big are C2C12 cells?
At the time of the biophysical studies, mean myotube diameter was 12 microns (range 5-25 microns), and mean length was 290 microns (range 130-520 microns).
What is myoblast in biology?
Myoblasts are the embryonic precursors of myocytes (also called muscle cells). Myoblasts differentiate into muscle cells through a process called myogenesis. During myogenesis, the myoblasts fuse into multi-nucleated myotubes, which later become the muscle fibers.
What are C2C12 myoblast cells where did they come from?
C2C12 is a subclone from a myoblast line established from normal adult C3H mouse leg muscle1. The original cell line, C2, was obtained by Yaffe and Saxel in 1977 by establishing primary cultures from the thigh muscle of 2 month old normal mice, 70 hours after crush injury2.
What happens after the fusion of myoblasts?
Muscle fibers generally form through the fusion of precursor myoblasts into multinucleated fibers called myotubes. When the growth factor runs out, the myoblasts cease division and undergo terminal differentiation into myotubes. Myoblast differentiation proceeds in stages.
Is a myoblast a stem cell?
Skeletal myoblasts were one of the first generation stem cell therapies to be studied, and the first to be utilized in a dog model of cardiac injury (Marelli et al., 1992).
What is Epimysium and what is its function?
Epimysium (plural epimysia) (Greek epi- for on, upon, or above + Greek mys for muscle) is the fibrous tissue envelope that surrounds skeletal muscle. It is a layer of dense irregular connective tissue which ensheaths the entire muscle and protects muscles from friction against other muscles and bones.
What is HepG2 cell line?
Hep G2 (or HepG2) is a human liver cancer cell line. Hep G2 is an immortal cell line which was derived in 1975 from the liver tissue of a 15-year-old Caucasian male from Argentina with a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. Hep G2 will respond to stimulation with human growth hormone.
What do myoblast cells do?
Myoblasts, the mononucleate precursor cells of skeletal muscle, can differentiate to form multinucleated muscle fibers capable of muscle contraction.
Why are muscle cells multinucleated?
Skeletal muscles generate heat as a byproduct of their contraction and thus participate in thermal homeostasis. The cells are multinucleated as a result of the fusion of the many myoblasts that fuse to form each long muscle fiber. Cardiac muscle forms the contractile walls of the heart.
Where did the C2C12 cell line come from?
C2C12 is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line. The C2C12 cell line is a subclone of myoblasts that were originally obtained by Yaffe and Saxel at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel in 1977.
How is the C2C12 cell line used in myogenesis?
C2C12 is an immortalized mouse myoblast cell line. The cells readily proliferate in high-serum conditions, and differentiate and fuse in low-serum conditions. While this cell line is a very useful tool to study aspects of myogenesis, metabolism and muscle biology, there are a number of important limitations that should be taken into account.
How are C2C12 cells used in biomedical research?
Developed for in vitro studies of myoblasts isolated from the complex interactions of in vivo conditions, C2C12 cells are useful in biomedical research. These cells are capable of rapid proliferation under high serum conditions and differentiation into myotubes under low serum conditions.
What can you do with immortalized PC12 cells?
Differentiated PC12 cells grow neurites and synthesize neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine. Although immortalized cell lines of neural origin can be useful for some experiments, it is advantageous, when possible, to use primary cultured cells—cells extracted from living animals.