What is the root word of temperance?
What is the root word of temperance?
Middle English temperaunce, borrowed from Anglo-French temprance, temperance, borrowed from Latin temperantia “self-control, moderation, restraint,” noun derivative from temperant-, temperans, present participle of temperāre “to exercise moderation, restrain oneself” — more at temper entry 2.
What does temperance mean in English?
moderation or self-restraint in action, statement, etc.; self-control. habitual moderation in the indulgence of a natural appetite or passion, especially in the use of alcoholic liquors.
What is the Latin word for responsibility?
responsus
Why is police discretion a good thing?
The use of discretion allows the police officer the flexibility necessary to perform his job. It also allows the police officer to quickly interpret the applicable statutory law and then act upon the determination.
What factors influence police discretion?
Characteristics of the suspect — Demeanor, style of dress and grooming may influence police discretion. Poorly groomed suspects can expect less respectful treatment. Some officers treat men and woman differently. Very rarely will an officer arrest a woman.
How is police discretion monitored and evaluated?
Law enforcement behavior is monitored and evaluated by almost every citizen. It is often displayed through the media and sometimes lodged in perpetuity on the internet. This auditing has caused many individuals to question, research, and assess police methodologies.
How can police discretion be misused?
Individual police abuse their power of discretion when they consistently base their law enforcement decisions on a suspect’s race, may not write a report, write an inaccurate report, not arrest the abuser, or neglect to collect evidence or take photographs of her injuries.
Is officer discretion legal?
In a law enforcement context, discretion only concerns decisions that are made in a legal setting. When decisions that are made by officers do not yield the desired positive results, but are made in good faith, these decisions still fall under the umbrella of discretion.
Do judges have discretion?
Judicial discretion refers to a judge’s power to make a decision based on his or her individualized evaluation, guided by the principles of law. Judicial discretion gives courts immense power which is exercised when legislature allows for it.
What is discretion in sociology?
Discretion (Sociology) Discretion is the ability, power, or authority to choose whether or not to act and to decide which action to take.
What culture is canteen?
A “canteen culture” refers to the way in which people working in a particular workplace can develop a shared set of values and prejudices. A conservative canteen culture is sometimes suggested as an explanation for police discrimination and the lack of fairness sometimes displayed in police discretion.
What type of social control is police?
Sociologists view the police as agents of social control, theorise about their role in society from conflict and consensus perspectives, and consider the nature of police discretion and its impact on both crime and the measuring of crime through police statistics.
What is medicalization in sociology?
Medicalization can be defined as the process by which some aspects of human life come to be considered as medical problems, whereas before they were not considered pathological. In sociology, medicalization is not a “new” concept.
Why is medicalization bad?
Inappropriate medicalisation carries the dangers of unnecessary labelling, poor treatment decisions, iatrogenic illness, and economic waste, as well as the opportunity costs that result when resources are diverted away from treating or preventing more serious disease.
What does medicalized mean?
Medicalization means ‘to make medical’ or more specifically the process by which previously nonmedical problems become defined and treated as medical problems, usually as diseases or disorders.
Which is an example of medicalization?
Examples of medicalized disorders include menopause, alcoholism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anorexia, infertility, sleep disorders, and erectile dysfunction (ED) [3].
What is medicalization behavior?
Medicalization refers to the process in which conditions and behaviors are labeled and treated as medical issues.
How is ADHD medicalized?
The medicalization of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has migrated in recent years from the United States to other countries around the world, a troubling trend that has more to do with marketing than with medicine, according to a paper published this week in the journal Social Science & Medicine.
What are the characteristics of medicalization?
The transformation of shyness from blushing to a bona fide illness is an example of medicalization — a complex social, moral, medical, and economic phenomenon that in the past century has widened the definition of disease.