What is the toxicity of iodine?
What is the toxicity of iodine?
Iodine toxicity may lead to thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid papillary cancer. Clinical features of iodine toxicity from oral ingestion can range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms consist of GI upset, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may progress to delirium, stupor, and shock.
What are the toxicity symptoms of iodine?
Symptoms of iodine poisoning include:
- Abdominal pain.
- Coughing.
- Delirium.
- Diarrhea, sometimes bloody.
- Fever.
- Gum and tooth soreness.
- Loss of appetite.
- Metallic taste in mouth.
What are the most likely toxic effects of iodine?
Iodine is needed by your thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones. However, exposure to unnecessarily high levels of nonradioactive and radioactive iodine can damage the thyroid. Damage to the thyroid gland can result in effects in other parts of your body, such as your skin, lung, and reproductive organs.
How does iodine cause hyperthyroidism?
Iodine induced hyperthyroidism is frequently observed in patients affected by euthyroid iodine deficient goiter when suddenly exposed to excess iodine. Possibly the presence of autonomous thyroid function permits the synthesis and release of excess quantities of thyroid hormones.
What happens when you have too much iodine?
Can iodine be harmful? Yes, if you get too much. Getting high levels of iodine can cause some of the same symptoms as iodine deficiency, including goiter (an enlarged thyroid gland). High iodine intakes can also cause thyroid gland inflammation and thyroid cancer.
How is iodine excreted from the body?
Iodine enters the circulation as plasma inorganic iodide, which is cleared from circulation by the thyroid and kidney. The iodide is used by the thyroid gland for synthesis of thyroid hormones, and the kidney excretes iodine with urine. The excretion of iodine in the urine is a good measure of iodine intake.
What happens if your body has too much iodine?
High iodine intakes can also cause thyroid gland inflammation and thyroid cancer. Getting a very large dose of iodine (several grams, for example) can cause burning of the mouth, throat, and stomach; fever; stomach pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; weak pulse; and coma.
What are the causes of iodine toxicity?
Iodine toxicity most commonly results from over-consumption of dietary supplements. Generally, many grams of iodine must be ingested to cause toxicity. Foods containing iodine include iodized salt ( one gram contains about 77ug of iodine), drinking water, milk, certain seafood, and seaweeds.
Is iodine harmful to the environment?
Most radioactive isotopes of iodine have very short half-lives and will reshape into stable iodine compounds quickly. However, there is one radioactive form of iodine that has a half-live of millions of years and that is seriously harmful to the environment.
What causes iodine poisoning?
Why does excess iodine cause hypothyroidism?
Worldwide, iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Excess iodine, as in radiocontrast dyes, amiodarone, health tonics (herbal and dietary supplements), and seaweed, can transiently inhibit iodide organification and thyroid hormone synthesis (the Wolff-Chiakoff effect).
What does too much iodine do to the thyroid?
What are the side effects of iodine toxicity?
Iodine toxicity may lead to thyroiditis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, and thyroid papillary cancer. Clinical features of iodine toxicity from oral ingestion can range from mild to severe. Mild symptoms consist of GI upset, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, which may progress to delirium, stupor, and shock. It is rarely fatal.
Which is more toxic iodine or povidone?
The toxic dose depends on the product and the route of exposure. Iodophors and iodoform are generally less toxic, as iodine is released more slowly. However, significant systemic absorption has occurred in patients receiving povidone-iodine treatment on areas of skin breakdown.
When did the toxicological profile for iodine come out?
A Toxicological Profile for Iodine, Draft for Public Comment was released in September 2001. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. For information regarding the update status of previously released profiles, contact ATSDR at:
What happens when you inhale iodine inhalation?
Inhalation of iodine vapor can cause severe pulmonary irritation, which can lead to pulmonary edema. Skin and eye exposures may result in severe corrosive burns. Ingestion can cause corrosive gastroenteritis with vomiting, hematemesis, and diarrhea, which can result in significant volume loss and circulatory collapse.