What are paraffins naphthenes and aromatics?
What are paraffins naphthenes and aromatics?
Paraffins – straight chain of saturated hydrocarbons. Isoparaffins – branched chain of saturated hydrocarbons. Aromatics – unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more benzene rings. Naphthenes – cyclic chain of saturated hydrocarbons.
Are paraffins aromatics?
These compounds, like the paraffins, are saturated and very stable. They make up a second primary constituent of crude oil. Aromatic hydrocarbons are also cyclic but are derivatives of benzene. Crude oils tend to be a mixture of paraffins-naphthenes-aromatics, with paraffins and naphthenes the predominant species.
What is the difference between olefins and aromatics?
Chemical plants produce olefins by steam cracking of natural gas liquids like ethane and propane. Aromatics are produced by catalytic reforming of naphtha. Olefins and aromatics are the building-blocks for a wide range of materials such as solvents, detergents, and adhesives.
What is the difference between naphthenes and naphthalene?
Naphthenes are a class of cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. Naphthenic crude oil is more readily converted into gasoline than paraffin-rich crudes are. Note naphthenes are not the same as the chemical called naphthalene. Also Known As: Naphthenes are also known as cycloalkanes or cycloparaffin.
What are paraffinic hydrocarbons?
paraffin hydrocarbon, also called alkane, any of the saturated hydrocarbons having the general formula CnH2n+2, C being a carbon atom, H a hydrogen atom, and n an integer. The paraffins are major constituents of natural gas and petroleum. The hydrocarbons are immiscible with water.
Are naphthenes paraffins?
Unlike olefins, which are straight-chain compounds, naphthenes are paraffins that have been “bent” into a ring or a cyclic shape. Naphthenes, like paraffins, are saturated compounds. Examples of naphthenes are cyclopentane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclohexane (Figure 3.3).
Why naphthalene is aromatic?
Naphthalene. Naphthalene is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon since it is only a bicyclic molecule made up of two aromatic benzenes. Naphthalene is also planar and has 4n + 2 pi electrons (10) giving it the stabilizing and resonating aromatic properties shared with benzene.
What type of hydrocarbons are called paraffins?
Saturated hydrocarbons are called paraffins, a name derived from the Latin parum affinis, which means slight affinity. Paraffins or alkanes are trace constituents of biological lipids, but alkanes are the most stable and abundant hydrocarbon constituents of terrestrial rocks.
Which is better paraffin oil or naphthenic oil?
The aniline point of paraffinic oil is much higher than a naphthenic meaning the solvency is worse. Paraffinic oil has a high viscosity index which is good for engine oil but bad for transformers. The naphthenic oil will reach a lower viscosity meaning more oil circulation in the transformer and better cooling.
What’s the difference between naphthenic and paraffinic alkanes?
The term paraffinic refers to substances containing paraffin compounds, whereas the term naphthenic refers to the substances containing naphthene. We commonly use these terms in organic chemistry as well as in industrial chemistry. Paraffins are alkanes while naphthenes are cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbons. 1. Overview and Key Difference 2.
How are naphthenes, paraffins and olefins determined?
A method that uses supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) with flame-ionization detection (FID) to determine naphthenes (cycloparaffins), paraffins, olefins, and aromatics in gasoline and JP-4 jet fuel is developed. Four packed silica columns in series are used to isolate the aromatics and provide ring number distribution.
What’s the difference between a naphthene and an aromatic?
Naphthenes are cyclic hydrocarbon compounds having the general formula C nH 2n. These molecules have only carbon atoms which make up the ring. In addition, they have only single bonds between the carbon atoms of the ring. Aromatics are cyclic hydrocarbon compounds that consist of conjugated planar ring system with delocalized pi electron clouds.