What is Greek stadia?
What is Greek stadia?
Greek unit of measurement, the stade, the distance covered in the original Greek footraces (about 600 feet [180 metres]). The course for the footrace in the ancient Olympic Games at Olympia was exactly a stade in length, and the word for the unit of measurement became transferred first to the…
What does the word stadia mean?
: a surveying method for determination of distances and differences of elevation by means of a telescopic instrument having two horizontal lines through which the marks on a graduated rod are observed also : the instrument or rod.
How are Stadia’s related to modern measures?
The term stadia comes from the plural of the Greek stadion, the word for a distance of 185 to 192 metres (607-630 ft). A very similar length is the modern furlong, or eighth of a mile, 660 ft. 10 square chains is an acre, so Gunter’s chain was closely related to traditional measures of distance and land areas.
What is stadia measurement?
The stadion (plural stadia, Greek: στάδιον; latinized as stadium), also anglicized as stade, was an ancient Greek unit of length, consisting of 600 feet.
How accurate are stadia lines?
For distances less than 150 m and using stadia or self-reduction methods, almost all investigators reported accuracy values in the range 1/600 – 1/2100, with elevations being determined to an accuracy ranging from ± 36 mm to ± 59 mm.
What is the most common stadia constant?
The top mark is at 1.500 m and the lower is at 1.345 m. The difference between the rod readings is 0.155 m, yielding a distance to the rod of 15.5 m.
What is the least count of stadia rod?
The stadia rod or staff used with tacheometry may be usual type of levelling staff having least count of 0.005m. Stadia rod is usually in one piece but for easy transport it may be folding.
What is Subtense method in Tacheometric surveying?
Subtense Method This method is similar to the fixed hair method except that the stadia interval is variable. Suitable arrangement is made to vary the distance between the stadia hair as to set them against the two targets on the staff kept at the point under observation.
Which hair number is called stadia hair?
Stadia hairs are sometimes called stadia lines. 8.
How is Tacheometry carried out?
The Tangential System of Tacheometry: In this method, the telescope is directed towards the staff to which the horizontal and vertical distances are to be measured and two vertical angles to two vanes or targets on the staff at a known distance (S) apart are taken.
What is the purpose of stadia reading?
a method of surveying in which distances are read by noting the interval on a graduated rod intercepted by two parallel cross hairs (stadia hairs, or stadia wires ) mounted in the telescope of a surveying instrument, the rod being placed at one end of the distance to be measured and the surveying instrument at the …
What is the formula used for stadia lines?
With the Stadia Surveying Instrument focused on the rod, read the measurement markings on the stadia rod shown between the two stadia markings. The formula to calculate distance is D=R*S (Distance = Rod Reading Multiplied by the Stadia Constant.) The stadia constant is indicated on your instrument’s Users Manual.
What is meant by Tacheometer?
Tacheometry (/ˌtækiˈɒmɪtri/; from Greek for “quick measure”) is a system of rapid surveying, by which the horizontal and vertical positions of points on the earth’s surface relative to one another are determined without using a chain or tape, or a separate levelling instrument.
What is Auto Level machine?
A dumpy level, builder’s auto level, leveling instrument, or automatic level is an optical instrument used to establish or verify points in the same horizontal plane. It is used in surveying and building with a vertical staff to measure height differences and to transfer, measure and set heights.
Which auto level is best?
Sokkia B40
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What is the difference between total station and auto level?
A total station contains a distance meter and a theodolite, both of which are electronic. A distance meter uses a laser to measure distance, and a theodolite has a telescope that moves and measures angles in the vertical and horizontal planes. Slope between a point and the total station. Averages of distances and …
What is the principle of auto level?
The automatic level has a compensator mechanism that uses a combination of fixed prisms or mirrors and a moving prism suspended on a pendulum to give a horizontal reference. When correctly set up the compensator will ensure that the ray of light through the centre of the reticule is exactly horizontal.
What is Y level?
: a surveyor’s level with a telescope supported in y-shaped rests and as a result capable of being rotated around its own axis or of being taken out of the supports and turned end for end for purposes of adjustment — compare dumpy level.
What is Abney level in surveying?
An Abney level and clinometer, is an instrument used in surveying which consists of a fixed sighting tube, a movable spirit level that is connected to a pointing arm, and a protractor scale. An internal mirror allows the user to see the bubble in the level while sighting a distant target.
What are the principles of Levelling?
The principle of levelling is to obtain horizontal line of sight with respect to which vertical distances of the points above or below this line of sight are found.
What is the aim of Levelling?
Levelling is a process of determining the height of one level relative to another. It is used in surveying to establish the elevation of a point relative to a datum, or to establish a point at a given elevation relative to a datum.
What is Levelling and its types?
Leveling is a branch of surveying in civil engineering to measure levels of different points with respect to a fixed point such as elevation of a building, height of one point from ground etc.
What are the importance of Levelling?
Leveling is important because gravity is by far the most significant force in the durability and function of buildings. Working parallel and perpendicular to the force of gravity is fundamental in designing and constructing buildings regardless of their shape.
What are the advantages of Ploughing and Levelling?
The main advantages of soil ploughing are: The loosening and turning of soil during ploughing bring nutrient-rich soil to top. It improves air circulation so that roots can respire easily. Ploughing improves the water retaining capacity of the soil.
How is Levelling done?
Levelling is the art of determining the relative elevations of different objects or points on the earth’s surface. This is done by taking measurements in the vertical plane. Hence, this branch of surveying deals with measurements in vertical planes.
Is it level up or level up?
The modern use of level up as a verb—to advance up a level—pertains to a sense of level that doesn’t already see much verb use associated with it: the gradations of progress in a game.
What is the difference between surveying and Levelling?
Surveying is the art of determination of relative position of points on the surface,below the surface or even above the surface. Levelling is a part of surveying which main objective is to determine the elevation of points with respect to a datum.
What is simple Levelling?
a) Simple levelling : The operation of levelling for determining the difference in elevation, if not too great between two points visible from single position of the level is known as simple levelling. Fig 10.1 Simple levelling. Procedure to be followed. Level the instrument correctly.
How many types of Levelling are there?
How many types of levelling are there? Explanation: There are 4 ways to perform levelling. They are direct levelling, trigonometric levelling, barometric levelling and stadia levelling.